DESCRIPTION: A continuation of PHYS 2110. Topics include wave motion, electricity and magnetism, light, geometrical and physical optics. Three lecture, three laboratory hours per week.
PREREQUISITE: PHYS 2110.
GENERAL INFORMATION: Calculus-Based Physics is a transferable college level sequence which is required or satisfies the requirements in many science program including pre‑medicine, pre‑dentistry, pre‑pharmacy, pre‑veterinary, and pre‑engineering. It is a comprehensive introduction to the entire field of physics with considerable stress placed on mathematical applications and problem solving. Knowledge of calculus is necessary to succeed in this course.
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Tim Farris OFFICE: W-107-C
PHONE: 230-3297 (or 452-8600, 741-3215, or Toll Free 1-888-335-8722, ext. 3297)
FAX: VSCC Math & Science Division (615) 230-3292
EMAIL: Tim.Farris@VolState.Edu
COURSE WEB SITE: http://www2.volstate.edu/tfarris/PHYS2110-2120
OFFICE HOURS WILL BE POSTED OUTSIDE THE DOOR AND ON THE COURSE WEB SITE BY THE SECOND WEEK OF THE SEMESTER.
TEXTBOOK: Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Serway & Jewett, 6th Ed., Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Calculator and graph paper, lab materials from web site
GENERAL EDUCATION GOAL: Physics 2110 and 2120 are designed to fulfill the twelve hour natural science requirement by providing scientific information and instruction in the thought processes involved in the scientific method of inquiry.
GENERAL EDUCATION OUTCOMES: Upon successful completion of this course the student will have demonstrated mastery of an acceptable level of physical principles and fundamental concepts, mastery of factual scientific information, the ability to gather and interpret scientific information through laboratory work, and a utility in the processes of scientific inquiry.
OTHER GOALS: This course is designed to develop problem solving skills and to acquire critical skills for the assessment and evaluation of values. This course will also seek to further develop communication skills.
OUTCOME STATEMENTS: Upon completion of this course the student will have demonstrated his/her ability to:
1. Express a given harmonic wave function in several alternative forms involving different combinations of the wave parameters: wavelength, period, phase velocity, wave number, angular frequency, and harmonic frequency.
2. Given a specific wave function for a harmonic wave, obtain values for the characteristic wave parameters: A, ω, k, λ, f, and φ.
3. Make calculations which involve the relationships between wave speed and the inertial and elastic characteristics of a string through which the disturbance is propagating.
4. Calculate the speed of sound in various media in terms of the appropriate elastic properties of the medium (these can include bulk modulus, Young's modulus, and the pressure‑volume relationships of an ideal gas) and the corresponding inertial properties (usually the mass density).
5. Describe the various situations under which a Doppler shifted frequency is produced. Note that a Doppler shift is observed as long as there is relative motion between the observer and the source.
6. Calculate the normal mode frequencies for a string under tension, and for open and closed air columns.
7. Describe the fundamental properties of electric charge and the nature of electrostatic forces between charged bodies.
8. Describe the processes involved in charging a conductor by contact and by induction.
9. Use Coulomb's law to determine the net electrostatic force on a point electric charge due to a known distribution of a finite number of point charges.
10. Calculate the electric field E (magnitude and direction) at a specified location in the vicinity of a group of point charges.
11. Calculate the electric field due to a continuous charge distribution. The charge may be distributed uniformly or nonuniformly along a line, over a surface, or throughout a volume.
12. Visualize qualitatively the electric field throughout a region of space in terms of electric field lines.
13. Describe quantitatively the motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field.
14. Calculate the electric flux through a surface; in particular find the net electric flux through a closed surface.
15. Understand that a Gaussian surface must be a real or imaginary closed surface within a conductor, a dielectric, or in space. And also remember that the net electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface is equal to the net charge enclosed by the surface divided by the constant εo.
16. Use Gauss' law to evaluate the electric field at points in the vicinity of charge distributions which exhibit spherical, cylindrical, or planar symmetry.
17. Understand that each point in the vicinity of a charge distribution can be characterized by a scalar quantity called the electric potential, V. The values of this potential function over the region (a scalar field) are related to the values of the electrostatic field over the region (a vector field).
18. Calculate the electric potential difference between any two points in a uniform electric field.
19. Calculate the electric potential difference between any two points in the vicinity of a group of point charges.
20. Calculate the electric potential energy associated with a group of point charges.
21. Calculate the electric potential due to continuous charge distributions of reasonable symmetry‑‑such as a charged ring, sphere, line, or disk.
22. Obtain an expression for the electric field (a vector quantity) over a region of space if the scalar electric potential function for the region is known.
23. Calculate the work done by an external force in moving a charge q between any two points in an electric field when (a) an expression giving the field as a function of position is known, or when (b) the charge distribution (either point charges or a continuous distribution of charge) giving rise to the field is known.
24. Use the basic definition of capacitance and the equation for finding the potential difference between two points in an electric field in order to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor for cases of relatively simple geometry‑parallel plates, cylindrical, spherical.
25. Determine the equivalent capacitance of a network of capacitors in series‑parallel combination and calculate the final charge on each capacitor and the potential difference across each when a known potential is applied across the combination.
26. Make calculations involving the relationships among potential, charge, capacitance, stored energy, and energy density for capacitors, and apply these results to the particular case of a parallel plate capacitor.
27. Calculate the capacitance, potential difference, and stored energy of a capacitor which is partially or completely filled with a dielectric.
28. Calculate the current density, electron drift velocity, and quantity of charge passing a point in a given time interval in a specified current carrying conductor.
29. Determine the resistance of a conductor using Ohm's law. Also, calculate the resistance based on the physical characteristics of a conductor.
30. Make calculations of the variation of resistance with temperature which involves the concept of the temperature coefficient of resistivity.
31. Use Joule's law to calculate the power dissipated in a resistor.
32. Determine the terminal potential difference of a known source of emf (with internal resistance) when it is part of an open, closed, or short circuit.
33. Calculate the current in a single loop circuit and the potential difference between any two points in the circuit.
34. Calculate the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors in parallel, series, or series‑parallel combination.
35. Use Ohm's law to calculate the current in a circuit and the potential difference between any two points in a circuit which can be reduced to an equivalent simple‑loop circuit.
36. Use Joule's law to calculate the power dissipated by any resistor or group of resistors in a circuit.
37. Apply Kirchhoff's rules to solve multiloop circuits; that is, find the currents and the potential difference between any two points.
38. Calculate the charging (discharge) current i(t) and the accumulated (residual) charge q(t) during charging (and discharge) of a capacitor in an R‑C circuit.
39. Calculate the energy expended by a source of emf while charging a capacitor.
40. Understand the circuitry and make calculations for an unknown resistance, Rx, using the ammeter‑voltmeter method and the Wheatstone bridge method.
41. Use the defining equation for a magnetic field B to determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force exerted on an electric charge moving in a region where there is a magnetic field. You should understand clearly the important differences between the forces exerted on electric charges by electric fields and those forces exerted on moving charges by magnetic fields.
42. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on a current carrying conductor when placed in an external magnetic field. You should be able to perform such calculations for either a straight conductor or one of arbitrary shape.
43. Determine the magnitude and direction of the torque exerted on a closed current loop in an external magnetic field. You should understand how to correctly designate the direction of the area vector corresponding to a given current loop; and to incorporate the magnetic moment of the loop into the calculation of the torque on the loop.
44. Calculate the radius of the circular orbit of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field, and also determine the period of the circulating charge.
45. Understand the essential features of the mass spectrometer and the cyclotron, and make appropriate quantitative calculations regarding the operation of these instruments. Note that these two devices are special applications of the motion of charged particles in a magnetic field.
46. Use the Biot‑Savart law to calculate the magnetic induction at a specified point in the vicinity of a current element, and by integration find the total magnetic field due to a number of important geometric arrangements. Your use of the Biot‑Savart law must include a clear understanding of the direction of the magnetic field contribution relative to the direction of the current element which produces it and the direction of the vector which locates the point at which the field is to be calculated.
47. Understand the basis for defining the ampere and the coulomb in terms of the magnetic force between parallel current carrying conductors.
48. Use Ampere's law to calculate the magnetic field due to steady current configurations which have a sufficiently high degree of symmetry such as a long straight conductor, a long solenoid, and a toroidal coil.
49. Calculate the magnetic field at interior points and at exterior axial points of a solenoid.
50. Calculate the magnetic flux through a surface area placed in either a uniform or nonuniform magnetic field.
51. Calculate the emf (or current) induced in a circuit when the magnetic flux through the circuit is changing in time. The variation in flux might be due to a change in (a) the area of the circuit, (b) the magnitude of the magnetic field, (c) the direction of the magnetic field, or (d) the orientation/location of the circuit in the magnetic field.
52. Calculate the emf induced between the ends of a conducting bar as it moves through a region where there is a constant magnetic field (motional emf).
53. Apply Lenz's law to determine the direction of an induced emf or current. You should also understand that Lenz's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy.
54. Calculate the maximum and instantaneous values of the sinusoidal emf generated in a conducting loop rotating in a constant magnetic field.
55. Calculate the inductance of a device of suitable geometry.
56. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the self‑induced emf in a circuit containing one or more inductive elements when the current changes with time.
57. Determine instantaneous values of the current in an LR circuit while the current is either increasing or decreasing with time.
58. Calculate the emf induced by mutual inductance in one winding due to a time varying current in a nearby inductor.
59. Determine the expected angular frequency of oscillation of an LC circuit and write out expressions which show how the current in the inductor and the charge on the capacitor vary in time.
60. Given an RLC series circuit in which values of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and the characteristics of the generator (source of emf) are known, calculate:
‑ the maximum and instantaneous voltage drop across each component
‑ the maximum and instantaneous current in the circuit
‑ the phase angle by which the current leads or lags the voltage
‑ the power extended in the circuit
‑ resonance frequency and quality factor of the circuit
6l. Understand the use of phasor diagrams for the description and analysis of ac circuits.
62. Understand the manner in which step‑up and step‑down transformers are used in the process of transmitting electrical power over large distances; and make calculations of primary to secondary voltage and current ratios for an ideal transformer.
63. Describe the essential features of the apparatus and procedure used by Hertz in his experiments leading to the discovery and understanding of the source and nature of electromagnetic waves.
64. Summarize the properties of electromagnetic waves.
65. Show by direct substitution that a sinusoidal plane wave solution satisfies the linear differential wave equations for electromagnetic waves.
66. Give a brief description (related to the source and typical use) of each of the "regions" of the electromagnetic spectrum.
67. Understand Huygens' principle and the use of this technique to construct the subsequent position and shape of a given wavefront.
68. Describe the methods used by Roemer and Fizeau for the measurement of c and make calculations using sets of typical values for the quantities involved.
69. Determine the directions of the reflected and refracted rays when a light ray is incident obliquely on the interface between two optical media.
70. Understand the conditions under which total internal reflection can occur in a medium and determine the critical angle for a given pair of adjacent media.
71. Calculate the location of the image of a specified object as formed by a plane mirror, spherical mirror, plane refracting surface, spherical refracting surface, thin lens, or a combination of two or more of these devices.
72. Understand the relationship of the algebraic signs associated with calculated quantities to the nature of the image and object: real or virtual, erect or inverted.
73. Construct ray diagrams to determine the location and nature of the image of a given object when the geometrical characteristics of the optical device (lens or mirror) are known.
74. Describe Young's double‑slit experiment to demonstrate the wave nature of light. Account for the phase difference between light waves from the two sources as they arrive at a given point on the screen. State the conditions for constructive and destructive interference in terms of each of the following: path difference, phase difference, distance from center of screen, and angle subtended by the observation point at the source mid‑point.
75. Outline the manner in which the superposition principle leads to the correct expression for the intensity distribution on a distant screen due to two coherent sources of equal intensity.
76. Account for the conditions of constructive and destructive interference in thin films considering both path difference and any expected phase changes due to reflection.
77. Determine the positions of the principal maxima in the interference pattern of a diffraction grating.
ASSESSMENT: Examinations requiring students to demonstrate a satisfactory level of achievement of the course objectives will be used to determine if the primary general education goal of this course has been attained. These goals will be assessed by student participation in class discussions and laboratory activities and written laboratory reports. The outcomes for the course will be assessed at intervals by tests and laboratory reports and by a comprehensive final examination.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES:
A. GRADES: The grades in all physics courses will be as follows:
A 90 ‑ 100 Superior
B 80 ‑ 89 Above Average
C 70 ‑ 79 Average
D 60 ‑ 69 Below Average
F 0 ‑ 59 Failing
Students will not be allowed to register for physics courses on an AUDIT basis. The grades in physics courses will be determined according to the following:
Tests 50%
Laboratory 20%
Final Exam 20%
Homework, quizzes, etc. 10%
Failure to take the final exam will result in a grade of F for the course. In the case where the final exam is missed and the instructor has been notified in advance, at the discretion of the instructor, a grade of I may be given. However, the make‑up final must be taken within two weeks after the regularly scheduled final and may be more difficult than the regular exam.
B. ATTENDANCE: Attendance at all lecture and laboratory meetings is expected. Persistent unexcused absences exceeding 20% of the meetings may result in the removal of the student from the course per division policy. (Consult the Division Policies section of the Student Handbook, especially section E.1.)
C. TESTS: Test questions will come from the lectures, textbook, homework problems and lab. Make-up exams will not be given; if you know you will miss an exam due to circumstances beyond your control, you can arrange to take the exam early. If you miss an exam with a valid excuse, your grade on the final exam will be substituted for that exam. If you miss more than one exam, or if you miss an exam without a valid excuse, you will receive a zero on that exam. Test scores may (or may not) be scaled up at the instructor's discretion. No test grades will be dropped.
D. HOMEWORK: Physics is learned by doing, not watching! You must work problems and read the text consistently to succeed in this class. You will be given homework after virtually every class. Homework will be due on most Wednesdays. Homework (or lab reports) turned in late will be penalized; homework will be graded on completeness and correctness. You may work together on homework sets unless you are specifically told otherwise, but make sure that what you actually turn in reflects your understanding of the material, not someone else’s.
E. LABORATORY: There will be no make‑up labs except in extreme circumstances. You will receive a zero for any lab you miss, and the lowest lab grade will be dropped.
F. CHEATING: Cheating on any assignment will not be tolerated. If you cheat on a test or the final you will earn an F for the course. Other incidents of cheating will be dealt with severely. Understand that cheating is receiving or giving unauthorized aid. Students are expected to abide by the policies for academic integrity contained in the Student Handbook, see especially paragraph C(2) of the Conduct and Discipline section.
ADA Statement:
In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, students are encouraged to register with the Office of Student Disability Services for assistance with accommodations. It is the student's responsibility to self identify with the Office of Disability Services in order to receive accommodations. Disability Services is located in the basement of the Wood Campus Center, Room 122. Only those students with official documentation from the Office of Disability Services will receive services.
Equal Opportunity Statement:
Volunteer State Community College is an equal opportunity Affirmative Action Educational Institution. No person shall be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity of the College because of race, color, national origin, age, or handicap. The College also complies with the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended and with the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Act of 1974. The commitment to equal opportunity applies to all aspects of recruitment, employment and education of individuals at all levels throughout the College.