Laboratory 6
ANIMAL TISSUE ·
HISTOLOGY
The study of
tissues is called histology. In this laboratory we will be concerned strictly
with animal tissues. Plant tissues (a coming attraction) will be studied during
plant histology toward the end of the semester.
Recall that
according to the cell theory, living things are composed of cells. Some
"lower" organisms consist of single cells (unicellular) while the
"higher" plants and animals are multicellular and contain trillions
of specialized cells and their cell products. They are differentiated based on
their structure, size, and form. Each is specifically designed to serve a
particular function for the benefit of all (division of labor).
You will study
the five major tissue types: epithelium, connective, muscle and blood in this
lab. Work to achieve success in recognizing the tissue when you see it
microscopically or when it is presented in a diagram or micrograph. Identify
special features of each tissue that are responsible for a particular function
(form follows function).
As with all
human endeavors, we will mimic nature’s design and employ division of labor in
accomplishing our work with tissues. Your instructor will assign a group
of students one or more animal tissues to investigate. You along with your
group members will be responsible for teaching the class about that particular
tissue (or tissues) during the appropriate laboratory.
1 Consult your
textbook first. Chapter 40, An Introduction to Animal Structure and Function,
will provide a solid introduction of animal histology. Utilize your
Photographic Atlas and the micrographs in your textbook for visual recognition
of each tissue.
2 View the Animal
Tissues videotape on reserve in the Library. You may view this individually or
with your group. Make notes as you watch the video.
3 A number of
medical schools have good histology micrograph libraries accessible on the
worldwide web. You may want to tap into these Internet resources. If you do so,
include the Internet address for each slide(s) you download and print.
4 Prepare a typed
handout which summaries each tissue, provides descriptions of important
features, lists locations where the tissue is found, etc. It would also be
helpful to include a simple labeled diagram of each tissue. Include
references with page numbers for each source (
$ Listed
below are the histology slides for BIOL1120 laboratory study.
You may find it
helpful to construct a chart showing 1) location, 2) function,
3) unique features, and 4) tissue
drawing, illustration or diagram for each tissue.
(1) Slide of Amphibian (salamander) blood
- label nucleus of red
blood cell
- label white blood
cell
(2) Slide of
Human Blood Smear
- label red blood cell
(no nucleus)
- label at least one white blood cell
(find as many types of white blood cells as you can)
NERVOUS TISSUE
(1) Slide
of Spinal Cord of Ox
- label neuron,
nucleus, dendrite, axon
(1) Slide of
Simple Squamous
Epithelium (Pavement Epithelium)
- label nucleus,
cytoplasm, cell membrane (also you make a wet mount of cheek cells showing squamous epithelial cells; stain with iodine and label as
above)
(2) Slide of
Columnar Epithelium
- label striated border, mucous plug, goblet
cell, nucleus, basement membrane
(3) Slide of
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
- label
cilia, cytoplasm, nucleus, basement membrane
(4) Slide of
Cuboidal Epithelium
- label
nucleus, basement membrane, tubules (spaces around which the cells form a
lining)
(1) Slide of
Smooth Muscle
- label peritoneum,
nucleus, longitudinal and circular fibers
(2) Slide of
Striated (Skeletal) Muscle
- label sarcolemma
(cell membrane), cross striations, syncytium (multi-nucleated), sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
(3) Slide of
Cardiac Muscle (Intercalated Discs)
- label sarcolemma, cross striations, intercalated discs
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
(1) Slide of
Hyline Cartilage
- label chondrocytes (cytoplasm and nucleus), lacunae, matrix
(2) Slide of
Elastic Cartilage
- label as in A but
note difference in appearance of matrix of cartilage
(3) Slide of
white Fibrous Tissue
- label fibers
(4) Slide of
Adipose Tissue
- label adipose cell,
lipid droplets (black lipid droplet fills entire cell)
(5) Slide of
Ground Human Bone
- label canaliculi,
lamellae, Haversian canal, lacunae, matrix, cementing
line
(6) Slide of
Decalcified Bone
- label periosteum, osteoblasts, Haversian canal, marrow in cavity, lamellae, lacunae, Haversian systems