BASIC CHEMISTRY FOR BIOLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is the relationship between chemistry and biology?
What is the smallest particle of a chemical element?
Describe the structure of an atom according to the Bohr model.
How many electrons can the first three atomic orbits each hold?
What is the atomic number of an element?
Draw models for elements having atomic numbers of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 16, 18.
Explain what inert and reactive atoms are dependent upon.
What is meant by the statement, "left to itself, any system will move toward its greatest state of stability?"
What is a chemical compound?
Explain what the following formulas mean: H₂O, 2CO₂, HCOOH, 6CH₄, H₂, ½O₂
Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
Explain the ionic bond.
Explain the covalent bond.
Explain the bonding in the following:

In the compounds above (question 14) rewrite the compounds in electron dot notation.
What is meant by the terms solution, solute, and solvent?
Explain why water is considered both ionic and polar covalent.
Explain hydrogen bonding.
What is meant by the oxidation state of atoms?
Explain the subtle difference between oxidation states in ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
Give the oxidation state rules for oxygen, hydrogen, atoms sharing with like atoms, and the sum of oxidation states within a compound.
Show all oxidation states in the following compounds:

Give examples for three general types of chemical reactions.
What is meant by dissociation?
Define the terms acid and base.
What are electrolytes and non-electrolytes?
What are metals and non-metals?
What does pH mean?
Indicate which of the following pH values is acidic or basic: pH=1, pH=4, pH=14, pH=7, pH=8, pH=3
What is a buffer?
What is the bicarbonate ion?
What is a salt?
What are oxidation and reduction?
Is the following compound ionic or covalent?
Tell what is oxidized, reduced, or unchanged in the following: