BIOL 2010

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I (4)

LECTURE AND LAB SYLLABUS
Fall 2008

 

DESCRIPTION:  A course primarily designed for students in nursing, allied health, and those interested in biological sciences.  Cell structure and physiology, tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous system are studied.  PREREQUISITE:  An acceptable placement score, DSPR 0800, or DSR 088; an acceptable placement score, DPSW 0800, or DSE 087.  Three lecture, two laboratory hours per week.

 

 

Office hours are posted outside office doors. Instructors may be reached by phone to schedule an appointment during office hours.

 

 

TEXTBOOK/REQUIRED MATERIALS:   

 

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7th Ed., Marieb;

Laboratory Exercises for Human Anatomy and Physiology, digital format, 3^rd Ed. by VSCC faculty (available through MyVolState On-Line);

        

            OPTIONAL:    Photographic Atlas for the Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Ed. by Van  DeGraaff & Crawley

             

OPTIONAL:                Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook by Marieb, 7th Ed.
                                  

RECOMMENDED:        Introduction to Chemistry for Biology Students

 

GENERAL EDUCATION GOAL:	Human Anatomy and Physiology is designed as an introductory course, to fulfill the requirements for students entering nursing and allied health professions, who have minimal backgrounds in biological and physical sciences. Because of the scope of the course, Human Anatomy and Physiology is useful for students in the biological sciences and may be used to fulfill the 8-hour natural science general education requirement.
GENERAL EDUCATION OUTCOMES:	Upon successful completion of this course, the student will have demonstrated an acceptable level of mastery of the fundamental principles of human anatomy and physiology, and will be able to interpret scientific information through laboratory experiences, scientific investigations, and inquiry.
OTHER GOALS:	The course will seek continual development in communication, problem solving, and critical thinking skills.
OUTCOME STATEMENTS:	Upon completion of this course, the student will have demonstrated an acceptable ability to:

 

1.       Define the terms anatomy and physiology in reference to the human body.

2.       Describe each of the following levels of organization of the human body:  chemical, cellular, tissue, system, organism.

3.       Identify the principal systems of the body.

4.       Describe the standard anatomical position of the human body.

5.       Compare common anatomical terms used to describe the various regions of the human body.

6.       List by name and location the principal body cavities.

7.       Define homeostasis and explain the effects of the lack of homeostasis on the body's function.

8.       Describe the interrelationship of matter, elements, and atoms.

9.       Identify by name and symbol the principal elements of the human body.

10.     Diagram and label the structure of a typical atom.

11.     Describe the function of electrons located in incomplete outer energy levels.

12.     Define the terms isotope and radioisotope and give their functions.

13.     Describe the three types of chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, hydrogen) and give an example of each.

14.     Describe what happens during a chemical reaction.  Give three types of chemical reactions.

15.     Interpret the information given in chemical notions.

16.     Define ion, oxidation, and reduction.

17.     Distinguish between organic and inorganic molecules.

18.     Define solution, solute, and solvent.

19.     Define acids, bases, and slats and list the properties of each.

20.     Define pH and the pH scale.

21.     Explain the role of a buffer system in maintaining homeostasis.

22.     Discuss the importance and function of water molecules in the body.

23.     Identify the building units of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, AMP, ADP, and ATP.

24.     List three groups of carbohydrates and describe the structure and function of each.

25.     Define dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis and give an example of each.

26.     Describe the structure and function of triglycerides (fats) and other lipids.

27.     Describe the four levels of organization of proteins.

28.     Give several functions of proteins.

29.     Define enzyme and substrate and explain their interaction.

30.     Identify the major parts of a cell.

31.     Explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane.

32.     Describe:  Brownian movement, diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration, active transport, vesicular transport, phagocytosis,

          pinocytosis (liquid-phase endocytosis), and exocytosis.

33.     Contrast hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions and explain what happens to cells placed in each.

34.     Define plasmolysis, crenation, and hemolysis.

35.     Describe the structure and function of each of the cellular organelles.

36.     Identify the cytoplasm and list the three things that comprise it.

37.     Describe the chemical composition and function of the cytosol.

38.     Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and the nucleoli

39.     Differentiate between cilia, flagella, and microvilli as to their structure and function.

40.     Describe three types of cell junctions and give the function of each.

41.     List and briefly describe the periods and events of the cell cycle.

42.     Define mitosis and describe its functions.

43.     List the phases of mitosis and discuss the events of each phase.

44.     Explain the sequence of events involved in protein synthesis.

45.     State the role of mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and ribosomes in protein synthesis

46.     Define:  gene, codon, anticodon, termination codon, and initiation codon.

47.     Define transcription and translation.

48.     Describe DNA replication.

49.     Give the overall equation for cellular respiration and state the importance of cellular respiration.

50.     Differentiate between AMP, ADP, and ATP, and explain the function of ATP as an energy releasing molecule.

51.     Describe the complete oxidation of glucose to produce ATP molecules via glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and the electron transport system.

52.     State the source and the number of ATP molecules produced in each major phase of cellular respiration

53.     Explain the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration.

54.     Explain the fate of ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration.

55.     Explain the roles of NAD, FAD, H₂  acceptors, and related enzymes in cellular respiration.

56.     Define tissue and histology.

57.     Classify the tissues of the human body into four major types and describe each.

58.     Discuss the distinguishing features of epithelial tissue.

59.     Give the structure, function, and location of each of the different types of epithelial tissue.

60.     Define a gland.

61.     Distinguish between exocrine and endocrine glands.

61.     Classify exocrine glands according to their structure and function and give an example of each.

62.     Describe the distinguishing features of connective tissue.

63.     List and give the functions of the protein fibers, cell types and the types of extracellular matrix that constitute connective tissue.

64.     Give the structure, function, and location of each of the types of  Connective Tissues Proper.

65.     Give the structure, function, and location of each of the three types of cartilage.

66.     Describe the structure and functions of cancellous (spongy) and compact bone.

67.     Define an epithelial membrane.  Give the location and function of mucous, serous, and cutaneous membranes.

68      List the components and give the functions of the integumentary system.

69.      Describe the structure and functions of the epidermis and dermis.

70.      Explain the basis of skin coloration.

71.      Describe the distribution, structure, and growth of hair.

72.     Compare the distribution, structure, and function of sebaceous, sudoriferous, and ceruminous glands.

73.     Give examples, location, and function of sensory receptors of the skin.

74.     Describe the components and functions of the skeletal system.

75.     Describe the parts of a long bone.

76.     Define ossification and list the steps involved in both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

77.     Describe longitudinal and appositional growth in bones.

78.     Explain the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in reabsorption and deposition of bone.

79.     List the nutritional factors and hormones necessary for normal bone growth and replacement.

80.     Based on  structure, give the four principal classes of bones.

81.     Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton.

82.     Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton and the principal markings of each.

83.     Identify the principal sutures and fontanels of the skull.

84.     Identify and give the function of the paranasal sinuses of the skull.

85.     Identify the structures of a typical vertebra.

86.     Identify and state the importance of the atlas and axis bones of the vertebral column.

87.     Compare the structural differences among vertebrae from different regions of the vertebral column.

88.     Identify the various types of joints based on the degree of movement they permit and give examples of each group.

89.     Give general characteristics of all muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

90.     List the functions of muscle tissue.

91.     Define: fascia, epimysium, endomysium, perimysium, and fascicle.

92.     Describe the structure of a muscle fiber and a muscle.

93.     Define tendons and aponeuroses.

94.     Describe the structure and importance of neuromuscular junction.

95.     Describe the principle events associated with the sliding-filament theory.

96.     Define the sources of energy for muscular contraction.

97.     Define:  all or none principle, subthreshold and threshold stimuli, summation, and refractory period.

98.     Define the following terms:  twitch, treppe, tetanus, isotonic, isometric, and muscle tone.

99.     Distinguish between red and white skeletal muscle fibers.

100.    Define and explain the roles of:  prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator muscles.

101.    Identify the principle superficial skeletal muscles in different regions of the body by name, origin, insertion, and action.

102.    Describe the nervous system.  Use the terms sensory, integration, and response.

103.    Classify the organs of the nervous system into central or peripheral systems.

104.    List the parts of a typical neuron and the function of each.

105.    Describe the structure and function of the various types of neurons.

106.    Describe the structure and function of the various types of neuroglia.

107.    Describe the characteristics of a neuron in the "resting state.”

108.    List the sequence of events involved in the generation and transmission of a nerve impulse.  Use the term "action potential.”

109.    Define the "all or none" principle of nerve impulse conduction.

110.    Define a synapse.

111.    List the concepts involved in the conduction of a nerve impulse across a synapse.

112.    Compare the effects of an excitatory vs. inhibitory neurotransmitters.

113.    List the factors that affect the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

114.    Describe the structure and location of the meninges and meningeal spaces.

115.    Distinguish between white matter and gray matter in the central nervous system as to components and function.

116.    Describe the general anatomical features of the spinal cord.

117.    Describe the general features of ascending and descending tracts.

118.    Describe the components of a reflex arc.

119.    Describe the roots of a spinal nerve and the braches of a spinal nerve.

120.    Define a plexus.

121.    List the four major plexuses and the areas served by each.

122.    Identify the principle parts of the brain, and the structure, location and function of each.

123.    Describe the structure and function of the limbic system and reticular formation.

124.    Differentiate between the various sensory, motor, and association areas of the cerebrum.

125.    Explain the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

126.    Describe the structure of a nerve and list the functional types of nerves.

127.    Identify the twelve pairs of cranial nerves by name, number, and function.

128.    Distinguish between a general and special sense.

129.    List and describe the various components of the eye.

130.    Describe the general anatomy of the ear.

131.    Identify the components of an autonomic pathway.

132.    Compare the structure, physiology, and specific neurotransmitters in the sympathetic vs. parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

133.    Explain the role of the hypothalamus in relationship to the autonomic nervous system.

134.    Compare the effects of stimulation by the sympathetic vs. parasympathetic divisions on the digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems.

 

ADA Statement: It is the student’s responsibility to self-identify with the Office of Disability Services to receive accommodations and services in accordance with The Americans With Disabilities Act.  (ADA)  Only those students with appropriate documentation will receive services.  For further information, contact the Office of Disability Services at extension 3472 or visit the office which is located on the ground floor of the Wood Campus Center.

 

Equal Opportunity Statement: Volunteer State Community College is an equal opportunity Affirmative Action Educational Institution.  No person shall be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity of the College because of race, color, national origin, age, or handicap.  The College also complies with the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended and with the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Act of 1974.  The commitment to equal opportunity applies to all aspects of recruitment, employment and education of individuals at all levels throughout the College.

 

Assessment:  Assessment of the primary goals of this course will be determined by the degree to which the goals set forth have been met.  The course will be assessed through faculty evaluation. 

 

Critical thinking, problem solving, and communication skills may be subjectively assessed by evaluating the student's oral questions, answers, and comments during lecture periods.  More objectively, these skills will be evaluated through written exams consisting of some discussion questions that require the student to use such skills.

 

Student mastery of the stated outcomes will be assessed through lecture and practical laboratory examinations.  The lecture examinations are designed to measure the student's ability to recall basic principles, think critically, and to explain the anatomical and physiological information presented.  Practical laboratory examinations will assess the student's ability to identify and locate anatomical structures and to observe and describe physiological processes.

 

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES:

 

A.  GRADING:  Each lecture examination has equal value toward your final lecture average and will constitute 60% of your BIOL 2010 grade.  Your instructor will determine the number of lecture examinations and the material to be covered on each lecture examination.  All students will take a comprehensive final examination which will count 10% of your earned grade in BIOL 2010.  The last lecture exam will be given by your instructor during the final examination period as published by the college. The departmental comprehensive exam will be given via WebCT on the computer and will be scheduled toward the end of the semester. Your instructor will provide more information on the particulars of the departmental comprehensive final exam near the end of the semester.  Comprehensive exams for Livingston students will be given in Livingston.  Comps for Hunters Lane students will be given at Hunters Lane.  Comps for on campus day and evening students will be given on campus. The information will be available and posted following the holiday break. 

 

 

Your grade in this course will be determined as follows:

 

60% - lecture average

30% - laboratory average

         10% - comprehensive final

 

            EXAMPLE:              80 lecture average   x .60 = 48.0

                                          70 lab average         x .30 = 21.0

                                          78 comprehensive    x .10 =   7.8 

                                                    Final average                   = 76.8

                                                    Grade earned                     C

 

Only the final average will receive a letter grade.  The final grades to be assigned in this course and their numerical values are as follows:

A = 90 - 100 average on all work

B = 80 -  89 average on all work

C = 70 -  79 average on all work

D = 60 -  69 average on all work

F = Below 60

I =  Incomplete - This symbol indicates that the student has not completed the requirements for a course during the semester for some unavoidable reason -- that is acceptable to the  instructor.  The student should contact the instructor immediately in an effort to complete course requirements.  If the "I" is not completed within the next semester, the "I" will convert to an "F". 

N = audit:  no grade or credit

W = withdrawn

 

MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS WILL NOT BE GIVEN IN THIS COURSE. The grade earned on the required departmental comprehensive exam will 1) constitute the grade for a missed exam or 2) substitute for a lower grade on a previous lecture exam. 

  

B.  ATTENDANCE:  Prompt and regular attendance is considered necessary for satisfactory work.  Roll will be taken, and your attendance will be recorded.  Regarding attendance, two things should be noted:  Students who fail to attend class on a regular basis seriously impair their ability to succeed in any course.  Secondly, the Volunteer State Community College Catalog provides that instructors withdraw a student from a course in which he is demonstrating poor attendance.* Your input in the classroom situation is of value to the teacher, yourself, and the other students.  Poor attendance deprives all of those involved.

 

* Four unexcused absences (not on college related affairs) may result in lowering the final grade by one letter grade.  Tardiness is discouraged.  Three "tardies" will constitute one day of absence as explained by your instructor.

  

C. INCLEMENT WEATHER POLICY:  If Vol State is officially open, any Biology class or laboratory section will meet as scheduled, all assignments will be due, and any scheduled quizzes or exams will be given. Any missed work will be subject to the make‑up policy as outlined in the course syllabus. 

 

If Vol State is officially closed, all lecture assignments will be due and any quizzes or exams will be given at the next regular class meeting.  If the College is officially closed, the lab missed will be deleted.

  

D.  MISCELLANEOUS:  No smoking, eating, drinking, or children in class.  Prohibited items include any electronic or other noise- or light-emitting device that can distract or disturb its owners or others, such as beepers, cell phones, palm pilots, laptop computers, games, and the like.  Cellular telephones are not to be used during class for any purpose, including making or receiving calls, photographs, or text messages, or playing games. Students cannot wear headphones or ear buds in class. The instructor may exclude any student from the class in which a disturbance occurs. The student is responsible for any missed material and class assignments made during his/her absence. The student is encouraged to refer to the Volunteer State Community College Catalog and the Volunteer State Community College Student Handbook which contain information pertinent to this course.

 

For academic retention standards, see the current VSCC catalog.

 

The last day to withdraw from a course or the college is published in the academic calendar of the current catalog.

 

Each student is expected to do his/her own work on all examinations.  The biology faculty expects unwavering integrity and honesty of all students. According to the college catalog, conduct of an unacceptable nature may be reason for dismissal from the college.  Cheating is dishonest and constitutes unacceptable behavior.  Cheaters who are caught will be given a zero on that test.  A second offense will result in academic withdrawal of the student from this course.

 

F.  TOPIC OUTLINE: 

LECTURE TEXTBOOK READING ASSIGNMENTS

 

 

 

 

 

LABORATORY SCHEDULE FOR BIOL 2010

 

NOTE:  EXERCISE 1, BODY LANGUAGE, AND EXERCISE 2, CELL STRUCTURE, ARE TO BE ACCOMPLISHED

BY INDEPENDENT STUDY.  THE INFORMATION IN THIS EXERCISE WILL APPEAR ON LABORATORY EXAMINATION I.  COMPLETE THE REPORTS AT THE END OF THE LAB MANUAL.

 

LAB #          TOPIC                                                                      EXERCISE IN LAB TEXT

 

  1           Microscopy                                                                   Exercise 3

 

  2           Organic Molecules                                                         Exercise 4

 

  3           Transport Mechanisms & Cell Permeability                      Exercise 5

 

  4           Mitosis - Cell Division in Somatic Cells &                         Exercises 6 & 7

               Epithelial Tissues

 

  5           Connective Tissues & Integumentary System                   Exercises 8 & 9

 

  6          PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXAMINATION I

               (COVERS LABS 1,2,3,4,5)

 

  7           Skeletal Connective Tissues:                                          Exercises 10 & 11

               Cartilage and Bone & Skeletal System

 

  8           Skeletal System & Muscle Tissues                                 Exercises 11 & 12

 

  9           Muscular System                                                          Exercise 13

 

10          PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXAMINATION II

               (COVERS LABS 7,8,9)

 

11           Neurons, Nerves, and Spinal Cord                                   Exercise 14

 

12           Gross Anatomy of the Brain                                           Exercise 15

 

13           The Eye & The Ear                                                        Exercises 16 & 17

 

 

14            PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXAMINATION III 

               (COVERS LABS 11, 12, 13)

 

 

BIOL 2010 LABORATORY

 

The laboratory part of this course will supplement the lectures and provide hands‑on experience in scientific investigation.  Some laboratory exercises will be supplemented with audio visuals, dissecting, and in field experience where applicable.

 

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES:  All policies and procedures not described below are contained in the lecture section and will apply to the laboratory.

 

It is a good idea to bring your textbook and your lab manual to lab.  There will be no makeup labs.  If necessary, and only with the permission of both instructors, you may attend another lab section if they are doing the exercise you missed.  There will be no makeup examinations in lab.  NO smoking, eating, drinking, or children allowed in lab.  Set all pagers and cell phone to silent mode.  Your instructor will explain any penalty for interruptions by pagers and cell phones.

 

GRADING:  The laboratory grade, as determined by the laboratory instructor, will count 30% of the course grade.  It will be derived from three practical examinations given during the semester.  Your instructor may choose to give periodic lab quizzes and will explain how the laboratory grade will be affected.

 

For an example of how the final grade is to be calculated, please see the grading policy in the Lecture Syllabus.

 

Although some course outcomes will be covered exclusively in the laboratory, success in the lecture component of the course will be demonstrated by your ability to draw upon laboratory experiences and vice versa.

 

ADA STATEMENT:  It is the student’s responsibility to self-identify with the Office of Disability Services to receive accommodations and services in accordance with The Americans With Disabilities Act.  (ADA)  Only those students with appropriate documentation will receive services.  For further information, contact the Office of Disability Services at 615-230-3472 or visit the office which is located on the ground floor of the Wood Campus Center.