BIOLOGY 1110

GENERAL BIOLOGY I

Fall 2008

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: A comprehensive course emphasizing cellular structure, function and metabolism; molecular form, function of life; reproductive and genetic patterns.  Taxonomy is introduced and applied to a taxonomic and morphologic survey of Monera, Protista, and Fungi Kingdoms.  (This course is designed for the biology major/minor and satisfies the science requirement in pre-dentistry, engineering, pre-medical technology, pre-medicine, pre-nursing, or pre-pharmacy curricula.)  PREREQUISITE:  High school Biology or BIO 100 or BIOL 1030; high school Chemistry or CHE 090 or CHEM 1030; an acceptable placement score or DSR 088 or DSPR 0800; an acceptable placement score or DSE 087 or DSPE 0800.  Three lecture, three laboratory hours per week.

INSTRUCTOR:         

Robert S. Carter, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Biology and Chair, Department of Science

            Office: Wallace 101B -- Please call or email to schedule an appointment.                

            Voicemail: 615.230.3748

            Math & Science Office:  615.230.3261 

            Email: rcarter via MyVolstate Online

REQUIRED TEXTS:

·                     Biology, 8th Ed., by Campbell, Reese, and Mitchell

·                     A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory, 5th Ed., by Van De Graaff et al

·                     Biology 1110 Laboratory Exercises, by Nancy G. Morris; available on class MyVolstate page

GENERAL EDUCATION GOAL: The general education goal of this course is to provide scientific information and instruction in the thought processes involved in the scientific method of inquiry.

GENERAL EDUCATION OUTCOME:

Successful completion indicates a foundation of knowledge and experience suitable for further coursework in biological fields and pre-medical professional paths.

The general education goal of this course is to provide scientific information and instruction in the thought processes involved in the scientific method of inquiry.

By successfully completing this course, you will demonstrate:

1.     acceptable mastery of designated scientific facts, concepts, and principles;

2.     an understanding of the scientific method of inquiry; and

3.     practice in the application of the scientific method. 

OUTCOME STATEMENTS:

This course will provide opportunities in problem solving; critical skills necessary for assessing and evaluating values; and practicing effective communication skills in both receiving and giving information.

Upon completion of this course the student will have demonstrated the ability to:

1.             Outline the scientific method.  Demonstrate application of this methodology in problem solving and in the laboratory.

2.             Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

3.             Briefly describe unifying themes that pervade the science of biology.

4.             Diagram the hierarchy of structural levels in biology.

5.             Explain how the properties of life emerge from complex organization.

6.             Explain what is meant by "form follows function".

7.             List the three domains and five kingdoms of life and identify representative members of each classification.

8.             Review vocabulary regarding basic chemistry:

10.          State eight elements essential to life that make up most of living matter.

11.          Describe the structure of an atom.

12.          Explain how electron configuration influences the chemical behavior of an atom.

13.          Distinguish between nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds.

14.          Explain why the noble gases are generally unreactive.

15.          Describe the formation of a hydrogen bond and explain how it differs from a covalent or ionic bond.

16.          Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule, and explain what properties emerge as a result of this structure.

17.          Explain the basis for the pH scale.

18.          Explain how acids and bases affect the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

19.          Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.

20.          Explain how carbon's electron configuration determines the kinds and number of bonds carbon will form.

21.          List 7 major functional molecular groups critical to biochemistry and their general chemical properties.

22.          List four groups of organic compounds and describe their function in living systems.

23.          Describe how covalent linkages are formed and broken in organic polymers.

24.          Explain the general structure and chemical properties of carbohydrates.

25.          Explain the naming of carbohydrates as to arrangements of carbons and functional groups.

26.          Explain the structure, chemical properties and functions of three categories of lipids.

27.          Describe the structure and chemical properties of amino acids and proteins.

28.          Describe how proteins are formed and the levels of structure they may possess.

29.          List several functional types of proteins including examples of each.

30.          Explain the general structure and function of nucleotides and nucleic acids.

31.          Define the terms polynucleotide, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid.

32.          Explain and illustrate the general structure of the DNA molecule.

33.          Explain how RNA differs from DNA

34.          Define and use the following terms properly:  

35.          Diagram and explain the energy cycle.

36.          Give a general overview of the anabolic and catabolic activities involved in metabolism.

37.          Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.

38.          Explain how the first and second laws of thermodynamics are related to energy transformations observed in biological systems.

39.          Explain the concept of energy coupling in cellular metabolism.

40.          Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions.

41.          Describe the function of ATP in the cell.

42.          List the three components of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecule to which each belongs.

43.          Explain how nucleotides function as energy carriers and as coenzymes giving examples of compounds that accomplish these functions.

44.          Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems, their effects on the rates and energetics of chemical reactions.

45.          Explain the relationship between enzyme structure and enzyme specificity.

46.          Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated or controlled by environmental conditions, cofactors, enzyme inhibitors and allosteric regulators.

47.          Explain the terms refractive index, resolution, contrast, and magnification in terms of microscope usage.

48.          Explain how a light microscope functions.

49.          Explain, in reference to light microscopy, the terms: monocular, binocular, oil immersion, and phase contrast.

50.          Explain the functioning of transmission and scanning electron microscopes and their resolving ability.

51.          Explain the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by membrane composition.

52.          Describe factors that affect selective permeability of membranes.

53.          Describe techniques used to study cell structure and function.

54.          Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

55.          Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and cytoplasm.

56.          List the compartments of the endomembrane system, describe their structures and functions and summarize the relationships among them.

57.          Describe several types of vacuoles and their functions.

58.          Explain the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells.

59.          Distinguish between plastids:  amyloplast, chromoplast, and chloroplast.

60.          Describe the structure, monomers and functions of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

61.          Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relates to their function.

62.          Describe the composition and function of plant walls.

63.          Describe the structure and function of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells.

64.          Distinguish between the terms protoplasm and cytoplasm.

65.          Compare and contrast plant eukaryotes, animal eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.

66.          Define and demonstrate the ability to use the term:

67.          Define osmosis and predict the direction of water movement based upon differences in solute concentration.

68.          Explain the phenomena of turgor pressure, plasmolysis, crenation, and hemolysis in terms of osmosis.

69.          Explain brownian movement.

70.          Explain and illustrate the passage of substances into and out of cells by means of the following:

71.          Describe the overall summary equation for cellular respiration.

72.          Define phosphorylation and distinguish between substrate level, oxidative, and photophosphorylation.

73.          Define oxidation and reduction.  Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges in organic chemistry.

74.          Define coenzyme and list those involved in respiration.

75.          Write the summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell.

76.          Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced and how it links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle.

77.          Describe the Krebs cycle in terms of its location and the molecules which enter and exit the cycle.

78.          Describe the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen.

79.          Summarize the ATP yields from the aerobic and anaerobic use of glucose.

80.          Describe where food molecules other than glucose enter metabolic pathway.

81.          Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

82.          Describe the location and structure of the chloroplast.

83.          Write and explain a summary equation for photosynthesis.

84.          Summarize the light reactions with an equation and describe where they occur.

85.          Summarize the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle.

86.          Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle.

87.          Define and properly use the following vocabulary: