1	SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263)
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4	THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA) VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH GUIANA REGIONAL CHARACTER: COASTAL LOCATIONS, EARLY EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION OF BLACK LABORERS VENEZUELA – 26.1 MILLION PEOPLE OIL FROM LAKE MARACAIBO IS CHIEF RESOURCE CARACUS & VALENCIA - KEY CITIES
5	CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED) COLOMBIA – 45.2 MILLION PEOPLE COFFEE, OIL & COAL - MAJOR EXPORTS COCAINE - LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TORN BY INTERNAL VIOLENCE BOGOTA & MEDELLIN - KEY CITIES THE GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) - POPULATIONS< 1.5 MILLION ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POVERTY STRICKEN FACE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
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7	THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA) PERU, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA REGIONAL CHARACTER: AMERINDIAN POPULATIONS, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, MOUNTAINOUS ENVIRONMENTS, POVERTY PERU – 27.7 MILLION PEOPLE LIMA IS ITS PRIMATE CITY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - FISHING, IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, SUGAR, COTTON, RICE, FRUIT, OIL, MINERALS (AN EMERGING ECONOMY!)
8	ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED) ECUADOR - 13.6 MILLION PEOPLE MAIN EXPORTS: OIL, COFFEE, CACAO, BANANAS GUAYAQUIL - LARGEST CITY AND COMMERCIAL CENTER QUITO - CAPITAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER BOLIVIA – 9.2 MILLION PEOPLE (DISPERSED) LANDLOCKED MAIN EXPORTS: TIN AND ZINC
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10	THE SOUTH (MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA) THE SOUTHERN CONE: ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL CULTURE SPHERE ARGENTINA - 37.3 MILLION PEOPLE 90% URBANIZED, PERIPHERAL BUENOS AIRES - A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY EXPORTS: CEREALS, MEATS, VEGETABLE OILS
11	THE SOUTH: MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED) URUGUAY - 3.4 MILLION PEOPLE MONTEVIDEO - CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY MOST EUROPEAN OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES EXPORTS: HIDES, MEATS,TEXTILES PARAGUAY – 6.3 MILLION 95% MESTIZO LANDLOCKED LOCATION CHILE – 16 MILLION AN “ELONGATED STATE” EXPORTS: COPPER AND NITRATES
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13	BRAZIL CONTAINS HALF THE CONTINENT’S LAND AND PEOPLE A FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF 26 STATES ETHNIC DIVERSITY - MIXTURE OF EUROPEAN, AFRICAN, AND AMERINDIAN PEOPLES PORTUGUESE - SPEAKING & ROMAN CATHOLIC ADHERENTS SUBSTANTIAL MINERAL RESOURCES: IRON, ALUMINUM ORE, MANGANESE, OIL, AND GAS
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15	BRAZIL (CONTINUED) GREAT CITIES RIO DE JANEIRO - CULTURAL FOCUS SAO PAULO - INDUSTRIAL HUB BRASILIA - A “FORWARD CAPITAL” DEVELOPING THE AMAZON “GROWTH POLE” CONCEPT ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
16	FORWARD CAPITAL CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY USUALLY NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER CONFIRMS THE STATE’S DETERMINATION TO MAINTAIN ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN BRASILIA, BRAZIL (INTERNAL FRONTIER – “GROWTH POLE CONCEPT”)
17	"IS THE CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED..." IS THE CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY? IS IT NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER? DOES IT CONFIRM THE STATE’S INTENT TO MAINTAIN ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION?
18	GROWTH POLE THEORY AIMS TO PROMOTE GROWTH IN THE HINTERLANDS AUGMENTED BY INVESTMENT SUPPORT IN AN ATTEMPT TO SPREAD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND BENEFITS CREATE JOBS IN DEPRESSED AREAS REDUCE UNEVEN CONCENTRATIONS OF WEALTH DECENTRALIZE INDUSTRY SETS OFF “RIPPLES” OF DEVELOPMENT
19	"STATUS OF SEPARATE STATE BECAUSE..." STATUS OF SEPARATE STATE BECAUSE OF ITS SUCCESS LEADING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND EXPANSION COFFEE ORANGE JUICE SOYBEANS
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21	SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263)