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NORTH AFRICA &
SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
  • CHAPTER 7
  • (335-360)
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THE IMPACT OF OIL
  • High incomes
  • Modernization
  • Industrialization
  • Intra-realm migration
  • Inter-realm migration
  • Regional disparities
  • Foreign investment
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EGYPT AND THE
LOWER NILE BASIN
  • CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION > 5,000 YEARS
  • 95% OF EGYPT’S 74.1 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHIN 12 MILES (20 KMS) OF THE NILE
  • BASIN IRRIGATION
  • PERENNIAL IRRIGATION - MID 1800s
  • ASWAN HIGH DAM - 1968
    • INCREASED AGRICULTURAL LAND BY 50%
    • PROVIDES 40% OF ELECTRICITY
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EGYPT
  • Strategic Situation
  • Cairo
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THE MAGHREB AND ITS
NEIGHBORS
  • THE MAGHREB - DOMINATED BY THE ATLAS MOUNTAINS
    • MOROCCO - LAST OF THE NORTH AFRICAN KINGDOMS
    • ALGERIA - A SECULAR REPUBLIC WITH RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL PROBLEMS
    • TUNISIA - SMALLEST AND MOST WESTERNIZED OF THE MAGHREBS
  • LIBYA - OIL RICH DESERT STATE WITH A COASTAL ORIENTATION
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THE MAGHREB AND ITS NEIGHBORS
  • Atlas Mountains
  • - Fertile Coastline
  • - Rain Shadow Effect
  • French Colonialism
  • Oil-Rich Libya
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AFRICAN TRANSITION  ZONE
  • SAHEL - ARABIC WORD FOR BORDER OR MARGIN
  • A ZONE WHERE PEOPLE ARE ETHNICALLY AFRICAN BUT CULTURALLY ARAB
  • DESERTIFICATION - PRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
  • CULTURAL AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
  • NORTH VERSUS SOUTH - MUSLIM VERSUS NON-MUSLIM PATTERNS
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AFRICAN TRANSITION ZONE
  • Cultural Conflict
    • Muslim - Christian
  • Nomadism
  • Environmental Problems
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THE MIDDLE EAST
  • “MIDDLE” OF THE ISLAMIC REALM
  • IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON
  • CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN CHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND MUSLIMS
  • SUNNI - SHI’ITE CONFLICT (WITHIN IRAQ AND THROUGHOUT THE REGION)
  • A FUTURE KURDISTAN?
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THE MIDDLE EAST
  • Fertile Crescent
  • Culture Hearth
  • Oil
  • Cultural Conflict
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"ZIONISM"
  • ZIONISM
    • POLITICAL MOVEMENT
    • FOUNDED BY THEODOR HERZL (1897)
    • OBJECTIVE: SECURE A HOMELAND FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE
  • BALFOUR DECLARATION (1917)
    • SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT OF A JEWISH HOMELAND
  • JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE
  • 1922 – BRITISH MANDATE TO GOVERN PALESTINE
  • RISING CONFLICT BETWEEN ARABS AND JEWS
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"UN PARTITION PLAN FOR PALESTINE"
  • UN PARTITION PLAN FOR PALESTINE
    • DIVISION INTO JEWISH AND ARAB AREAS
    • BRITISH EVACUATE PALESTINE IN 1948
    • PROCLAMATION OF ISRAEL AS A STATE (14 May 1948)
  • 1948: ARAB INVASION (WAR OF INDEPENDENCE)
    • EGYPTIAN, IRAQI, JORDANIAN, & SYRIAN FORCES
    • ISRAEL SEIZES MORE LAND THAN PRESCRIBED UNDER UN MANDATE
  • ARMISTICE (1949)
    • 900,000 PALESTINIAN REFUGEES
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"ARAB – ISRAELI CONFLICTS"
  • ARAB – ISRAELI CONFLICTS
    • 1956: SUEZ WAR
    • 1967: SIX-DAY WAR – ISRAEL GAINS CONTROL OF:
        • GAZA STRIP
        • SINAI PENINSULA
        • WEST BANK OF THE RIVER JORDAN
        • EAST SECTOR OF JERUSALEM
        • GOLAN HEIGHTS IN SYRIA
    • 1973: YOM KIPPUR WAR
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ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
  • THE GOLAN HEIGHTS- RETURN TO SYRIA?
  • THE SECURITY ZONE- RETURN TO LEBANON?
  • JERUSALEM- HOLY CITY FOR WHO?
  • THE WEST BANK- PALESTINIAN HOMELAND?
  • THE PALESTINIANS- REFUGEE PROBLEM
  • ARAB/ISLAMIC DISRUPTION- IMPACT OF EXTREMIST GROUPS
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STRUGGLE FOR JERUSALEM
  • HOLY TO JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND MUSLIMS
  • JUDAISM: CAPITAL OF JEWISH KINGDOM 3000 YEARS BP; FAITH TOOK FORM IN THE FIRST TEMPLE-DESTROYED BY BABYLONIANS IN 586 BC; REBUILT AS SECOND TEMPLE-DESTROYED BY ROMANS IN AD 70
  • ISLAM:  PROPHET MUHAMMAD ASCENDED INTO HEAVEN 7TH CENTURY AD
  • CHRISTIANITY:  BASED ON THE TEACHINGS OF JESUS CHRIST; CRUXIFICTION & ASCENT
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STRUGGLE FOR JERUSALEM
(CONTINUED)
  • 1947-  UNITED NATIONS DID NOT INCLUDE JERUSALEM AS PART OF ISRAEL
  • 1947- PALESTINE PARTITION RESOLUTION DESIGNATED JERUSALEM AS AN “OPEN CITY”
  • 1948-49- WAR AND TRANSFER OF ISRAELI GOVERNMENT FROM TEL AVIV TO JERUSALEM
  • 1967-  WAR AND AFTERMATH CHANGED BOUNDARIES AGAIN
  • 1980- JERUSALEM REAFFIRMED AS THE CAPITAL OF ISRAEL
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ARABIAN PENINSULA
  • SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UAE, OMAN, YEMEM
  • OIL, DESERT, AND STRATEGIC LOCATION
  • SAUDI ARABIA- 25.4 MILLION PEOPLE WITH THE WORLD’S GREATEST OIL RESERVES
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ARABIAN PENINSULA
  • Desert
  • Oil
  • Islam
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NORTH AFRICA &
SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
  • CHAPTER 7
  • (335-360)