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4	MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM Physical Aridity Oil Cultural Culture Hearths World Religions Conflict
5	MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM (cont) Population Discontinuous clusters around infrequent water sources Regional Imbalances Oil and Non-oil states (“haves” versus “have-nots”) Political Geography Fragmented due to colonial experience
6	NAMING THE REALM Popular Labels Dry World Arab World Islamic World Middle East
7	THE DRY WORLD ? Dry/arid climate prevails throughout the realm Exceptions: Peripheral regions of Turkey Northwestern section of Iran Oases Several great river valleys
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12	WATER - A RENEWABLE OR FINITE RESOURCE? Water is critical for life, food production, and industrial processes. 9 out of 14 Southwest Asian states face water-short conditions (the most concentrated region of scarcity in the world). The North African states all have rates of natural increase above 2.0%, increasing the stress on water sources.
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14	POPULATION DISTRIBUTION The majority of the population in this realm lives not in the dry arid regions, but around water resources. - The Nile - Mediterranean Sea - Euphrates and Tigris Basin (Hydraulic Civilization) - Lower mountain slopes of Iran, south of the Caspian Sea
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16	AN ARAB REALM ? Relates to language as a cultural feature of this realm Arabic is the dominant language in 16 States of the realm. In Non-Arab States, indigenous languages dominate. - Turkey - Turkish - Iran - Farsi - Israel - Hebrew - Niger - French
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18	ISLAMIC REALM? Muhammed (571- 632 Ad) Five Pillars Of Faith Repeated Expressions Of Creed Frequent Prayer Month Of Daytime Fasting Alms-giving Pilgrimage To Mecca Other Key Tenants Sunnis Vs Shi’ites
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23	THE STAGE FOR ISLAM Muhammad (571-632) Five Pillars Repeated Expressions Of The Creed Daily Prayer (5 Times) Month Of Daytime Fasting Giving Of Alms Pilgrimage To Mecca During One’s Life
24	SPATIAL DIFFUSION The process by which a concept, practice, or substance spreads from its point of origin to new territories Two types -- Relocation diffusion -- Expansion diffusion
25	RELOCATION DIFFUSION Sequential diffusion is a process in which items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas & relocate to new areas. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.
26	RELOCATION DIFFUSION
27	RELOCATION DIFFUSION
28	EXPANSION DIFFUSION The spreading of an innovation or idea through a fixed population in such a way that the number of those adopting grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanded area of dissemination Two types -- Contagious Expansion -- Hierarchical Expansion
29	CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person Analogous to the communication of a contagious disease
30	CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
31	CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
32	CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
33	HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by “trickling down” from larger to smaller adopting units An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wider areas, with geographic distance a less important factor.
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35	HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
36	HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
37	HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
38	HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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