1	EUROPE III (CHAPTER 1: 78-95)
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4	MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SIX COUNTRIES A DISCONTINUOUS REGION ON THE PERIPHERY CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE HOT - DRY SUMMERS WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS
5	ITALY MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES BEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN CORE MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCED DISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST (ANCONA LINE ) MILAN ITALY’S LARGEST CITY AND MANUFACTURING CENTER ALSO THE COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY CENTER
6	ITALY ROME FOUNDED ABOUT 3,000 YEARS AGO ATTAINED AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF 1 MILLION < THE END OF THE 1^ST CENTURY AD ONLY 30,000 PEOPLE BY THE 13^TH CENTURY BECAME ITALY’S CAPITAL IN 1870 CURRENTLY HAS ABOUT 2.6 MILLION PEOPLE VATICAN CITY AN ENCLAVE WITHIN ROME THE HEADQUARTERS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM FUNCTIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY
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8	EASTERN EUROPE (REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS) EUROPE’S LARGEST REGION ADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONS CONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIES INCLUDES EUROPE’S LARGEST STATE INCORPORATES EUROPE’S POOREST COUNTRY IN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET THE CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU REACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF INFLUENCE
9	KEY CONCEPTS BALKANIZATION IRREDENTISM ETHNIC CLEANSING DEVOLUTION SHATTER BELT
10	BALKANIZATION FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE UNITS ORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIA APPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE, i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA
11	UNDERLYING FORCES CENTRIFUGAL FORCES REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences CENTRIPETAL FORCES FORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith
12	IRREDENTISM A POLICY OF CULTURAL EXTENSION AND POLITICAL EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A NEIGHBORING COUNTRY
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14	ETHNIC CLEANSING REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE OUSTER OF ENTIRE POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES
15	DEVOLUTION THE PROCESS WHEREBY REGIONS WITHIN A STATE DEMAND AND GAIN POLITICAL STRENGTH AND GROWING AUTONOMY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
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17	SHATTER BELT A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURING WHY HERE?
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19	SUBREGIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA THE LANDLOCKED CENTER COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA
20	COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA POLAND A CLASSIC NATION-STATE TRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEAT POST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIA WARSAW - PRIMATE CITY LITHUANIA LOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991 KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE LATVIA SIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIA CONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY BELARUS: RUSSIA’S CLOSEST ALLY
21	THE LANDLOCKED CENTER CZECH REPUBLIC THE REGION’S MOST WESTERNIZED PRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY SLOVAKIA THE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART OF “CZECHOSLOVAKIA” HUNGARY A NATION-STATE OF 10 MILLION BUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
22	COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA BULGARIA: LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878 ROMANIA: A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE; RAW MATERIALS (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS) MOLDOVA: AGRICULTURAL UKRAINE: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS; AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE
23	COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST HOMOGENEOUS CROATIA BOSNIA: CENTRALLY POSITIONED SERBIA: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS MACEDONIA: 65% MACEDONIAN, 21% ALBANIAN SERBIA-MONTENEGRO: INCLUDES SERBIA, KOSOVO, VOJVODINA, AND MONTENEGRO ALBANIA: REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE; 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE
24	EUROPE III (CHAPTER 1: 87-105)