1	EAST ASIA-II (CHAPTER 9: 440-464)
2	CHINA’S POPULATION 1.306 BILLION ANNUAL NATURAL INCREASE 0.7% (1970S - 3%) DOUBLING TIME: 100 YEARS LIFE EXPECTANCY: 70 (MALES), 73 (FEMALES) TFR 1.8 BORN/WOMEN (1997) ARITHMETIC DENSITY: 353 PEOPLE/SQ MI PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY: 3,524 PEOPLE/SQ MI ONLY 10% OF THE LAND IS ARABLE AND 69% OF THE POPULATION LIVES ON THIS LAND DISTRIBUTION: WESTERN 2/3s IS SPARSELY POPULATED (MINORITIES)
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5	URBAN CHINA 38% URBANIZED LARGEST CITIES ARE INSIGNIFICANT ON A GLOBAL SCALE URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AIR POLLUTION CONGESTION WATER POLLUTION
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7	ECONOMIC PROBLEMS PROBLEMS STEMMED FROM THE STATE CONTROLLED ECONOMY. SERIOUS ENERGY SHORTAGE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE POORLY DEVELOPED POPULAR RESISTANCE AND CHANGES IN CENTRAL POLICY HAVE WEAKENED CHINA’S POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
8	REORGANIZATION UNDER COMMUNISM 1950s- 1976 COMMUNIST REGIME LAUNCHED MASSIVE PROGRAMS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM BASED ON THE SOVIET MODEL LAND WAS EXPROPRIATED. FARMING WAS COLLECTIVIZED. INDUSTRIES WERE REORGANIZED AS STATE-OWNED COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES. EMPHASIS ON “HEAVY INDUSTRY” DRAMATIC SOCIAL CHANGES- EDUCATION, RELIGION, POPULATION GROWTH
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11	DENG XIAOPING ERA TOOK POWER IN 1979 AS A “PRAGMATIC MODERATE” ATTEMPTED TO WED COMMUNIST POLITICAL RULE WITH CAPITALIST ECONOMIC PRACTICES OPENED CHINA TO FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERMITTED STUDENTS TO STUDY ABROAD
12	DENG XIAOPING INTRODUCED ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION MEASURES DECENTRALIZED DECISION-MAKING SHIFTED TO THE RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE CREATED SEZs, OPEN CITIES, OPEN COASTAL AREAS ATTEMPTED TO CREATE A “SOCIALIST MARKET ECONOMY”
13	ECONOMIC INITIATIVES SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES 5 SEZs ESTABLISHED; 3 IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE INVESTMENT INCENTIVES: LOW TAXES, IMPORT/EXPORT REGULATIONS EASED, LAND LEASES SIMPLIFIED, ETC OPEN CITIES INCLUDED 14 COASTAL CITIES SCALED BACK TO 4 CITIES NATIONAL INVESTMENT FOCUSED ON SHANGHAI OPEN COASTAL AREAS ALSO DESIGNED TO ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS CONCENTRATED ALONG PACIFIC COAST DELTAS AND PENINSULAS
14	SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES INVESTOR INCENTIVES LOW TAXES EASING OF IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATIONS SIMPLIFIED LAND LEASES HIRING OF CONTRACT LABOR PERMITTED PRODUCTS MAY BE SOLD IN FOREIGN MARKETS AND IN CHINA (UNDER CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS) LOCATION WAS PRIME CONSIDERATION
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16	OPEN CITIES SIZE OVERSEAS TRADING HISTORY LINKS TO “OVERSEAS CHINESE” LEVELS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION POOL OF LOCAL TALENT AND LABOR CONFINED TO COASTAL AREAS
17	XIZANG (TIBET) A HARSH PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SPARSELY POPULATED CAME UNDER CHINESE CONTROL DURING THE MANCHU DYNASTY IN 1720 GAINED SEPARATE STATUS IN THE LATE 19^TH CENTURY CHINA’S COMMUNIST REGIME TOOK CONTROL IN THE 1950s BUDDHISM, THE DALAI LAMA, AND MONASTERIES FORMALLY ANNEXED IN 1965 AND ADMINISTERED AS AN AUTONOMOUS REGION
18	XINJIANG COMPRISES ONE-SIXTH OF CHINA’S TOTAL LAND AREA A REGION OF HIGH MOUNTAINS AND BASINS CHINESE ONLY ACCOUNT FOR 40% OF THE POPULATION MUSLIM UYGHURS ACCOUNT FOR HALF OF THE POPULATION BOASTS EXTENSIVE RESERVES OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS UNRESOLVED BOUNDARY DISPUTES
19	HONG KONG MEANS “FRAGRANT HARBOR”- AN EXCELLENT DEEP WATER PORT BOOMED DURING THE KOREAN WAR 6 MILLION PEOPLE WITHIN 400 SQ MILES ECONOMY IS LARGER THAN HALF OF THE WORLD’S COUNTRIES 1 JULY 1997- BRITISH TRANSFERRED CONTROL TO CHINA HONG KONG RENAMED XIANGGANG ACQUIRED A NEW STATUS AS CHINA’S ONLY SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (SAR)
20	MONGOLIA STEPPE AND DESERT PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SPARSELY POPULATED WITH AN ESTIMATED 2.5 MILLION INHABITANTS PART OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE FROM LATE 1600s UNTIL 1911 BECAME A PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC IN THE 1920s FUNCTIONS AS A BUFFER STATE ECONOMY IS FOCUSED ON HERDING AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS
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