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- The Interior Lowlands includes the Nashville Basin, the "Hill
Country" of Texas, the Midwest, and vast stretches of flat to
rolling land in Canada. A large part of this area is the
"Breadbasket" of the United States - the Corn Belt. However,
most of the corn grown here isn't for human consumption. Rather it is
used as animal fodder. Fattening beef cattle and hogs is an important
part of America's agricultural economy. Soy beans also mirror corn's
growing area because both crops are usually grown in a corn-soy-fallow
(i.e. year 1-2-3) pattern.
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- The Great Plains covers nearly one-fifth of the continental United
States. A vast stretch of prairie where few trees grow, these grasslands
used to be tall grass prairie before it was noticed they would support
dry field crops like wheat. It now serves as the western part of
America's "Breadbasket." This is the Wheat Belt and the
limited rainfall in the region is perfect for wheat cultivation. See
what impact agricultural runoff (e.g. pesticides, herbicides, and
fertilizers) can have on distant places by taking this link to the Mississippi
Delta/Gulf of Mexico.
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- The Intermontane (literally "between the mountains") Basin
and Plateau physical region is marked by extreme dryness, save the exotic
streams that flow from the mountains. If you ever wondered why there are
so many national parks in the area, you'll understand when you see that
the lands are worthless in every way except to awe over (and maybe for
some mining ventures). The western states are also glad to have
the federal government maintain these public lands to save state
operating funds. Without irrigation the area will not support
agriculture. The dryness comes from the rain shadow effect of the Sierra
Nevada Mountains and the Cascade Range. The mountains effectively block
moisture that blows in from the Pacific Ocean. Thus, all the rainfall
deposited on the windward (western) slopes leaves the leeward (eastern)
slopes very dry.
- The Pacific Mountains and Valleys include Cascade Range of eastern
Washington and Oregon, the Sierra Nevada of eastern California, and the
Coastal Ranges that hug the coastline from southern California to the
Gulf of Alaska. The highest mountain peaks of the continent are found
here at Mt. Whitney (14,494' in California) and Mt. McKinley, or Denali
(20,320' in Alaska). These mountains are especially important to the dry
areas of California. Snowmelt from the mountains is channeled towards
cities like Los Angeles because of continual water shortages. The
Colorado River is also a big provider of water to southern California
and the booming cities of Las Vegas and Phoenix.
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- Mount St. Helens was a volcanic peak in the Cascades of southwestern
Washington; it erupted in 1980 killing 60 people in the area
- The San Andreas Fault is a strike-slip fault that is slowly partitioning
California from mainland United States; earthquakes are frequent events
here
- Both volcanoes and earthquakes here are caused by the clashing of the
North America plate, the Pacific plate, and the Juan de Fuca plate
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- The Canadian Shield has experienced glacial scouring from the last ice
age 11 to 13 thousand years ago. Notice all the glacial lakes of this
area (e.g. Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave
Lake, etc.) and the fjords of the island north. The islands of the
Arctic realm (e.g. Baffin Island, Ellesmere Island, and Victoria Island)
are all inscribed with former glacial troughs. Check the coastlines on a
large-scale map of the region. You’ll see similar scouring along the
coast of British Columbia and Alaska.
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